Poison dart frog
What makes poison dart frog resistant to their own poison?
Poison dart frogs store Batrachotoxin, a steroidal alkaloid toxin in their skin glands. A single amino acid substitution is responsible for the resistance to their on poison in these frogs.
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Meninges, the protector of brain
The function of the meninges is to cover and protect the brain. It also encloses and protects the vessels that supply the brain. It has three layers, Dura mater, Arachnoid mater and Pia mater. In between the layers is filled with Cerebrospinal fluid. Dura mater (literally means durable mother) itself is formed of two distinct layers, Periosteal dura mater just adjacent to the skull and Meningeal dura mater below that. Next is the arachnoid mater which is named due to its spider leg appearance. Deepest layer is the pia mater (literally means soft mother) which is a very delicate connective tissue.
